자 이제 저번 글에서 생성한 RHEL 리눅스 서버에 필요한 초기 환경 세팅을 시작해보자.
(이전 글 : https://uutopia.tistory.com/67)
root 계정 활성화
root 계정을 사용하기 위해 패스워드를 설정하고 계정을 전환한다.
(초기 접속 계정인 ec2-user 에 sudo 권한이 부여되어 있다.)
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]$ sudo passwd
Changing password for user root.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]$ sudo -i
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]#
시간 동기화
인스턴스의 리전이 다른 경우 Asia/Seoul로 타임존을 변경한다.
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 US]# date
Thu May 2 01:39:20 AM EDT 2024
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# cp -p /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Seoul /etc/localtime
cp: overwrite '/etc/localtime'? yes
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Seoul
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# date
Thu May 2 02:39:20 PM KST 2024
한글 언어팩 설치
패키지 설치를 통해서 서버의 언어 설정을 en_US.UTF-8 → ko_KR.utf8로 변경한다. (재접속 시 적용)
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# dnf install glibc-langpack-ko
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 1:23:38 ago on Thu 02 May 2024 01:18:57 PM KST.
Dependencies resolved.
======================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
======================================================================================================
Installing:
glibc-langpack-ko x86_64 2.34-100.el9 rhel-9-baseos-rhui-rpms 371 k
Upgrading:
glibc x86_64 2.34-100.el9 rhel-9-baseos-rhui-rpms 2.0 M
glibc-common x86_64 2.34-100.el9 rhel-9-baseos-rhui-rpms 321 k
glibc-gconv-extra x86_64 2.34-100.el9 rhel-9-baseos-rhui-rpms 1.7 M
glibc-langpack-en x86_64 2.34-100.el9 rhel-9-baseos-rhui-rpms 674 k
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Upgrade 4 Packages
Total download size: 5.0 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): glibc-common-2.34-100.el9.x86_64.rpm 4.9 MB/s | 321 kB 00:00
(2/5): glibc-langpack-en-2.34-100.el9.x86_64.rpm 30 MB/s | 674 kB 00:00
(3/5): glibc-gconv-extra-2.34-100.el9.x86_64.rpm 42 MB/s | 1.7 MB 00:00
(4/5): glibc-langpack-ko-2.34-100.el9.x86_64.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 371 kB 00:00
(5/5): glibc-2.34-100.el9.x86_64.rpm 7.1 MB/s | 2.0 MB 00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 16 MB/s | 5.0 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : glibc-common-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 1/9
Upgrading : glibc-langpack-en-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 2/9
Upgrading : glibc-gconv-extra-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 3/9
Running scriptlet: glibc-gconv-extra-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 3/9
Running scriptlet: glibc-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 4/9
Upgrading : glibc-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 4/9
Running scriptlet: glibc-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 4/9
Installing : glibc-langpack-ko-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 5/9
Cleanup : glibc-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 6/9
Cleanup : glibc-langpack-en-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 7/9
Cleanup : glibc-gconv-extra-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 8/9
Running scriptlet: glibc-gconv-extra-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 8/9
Cleanup : glibc-common-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 9/9
Running scriptlet: glibc-common-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 9/9
Verifying : glibc-langpack-ko-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 1/9
Verifying : glibc-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 2/9
Verifying : glibc-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 3/9
Verifying : glibc-common-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 4/9
Verifying : glibc-common-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 5/9
Verifying : glibc-langpack-en-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 6/9
Verifying : glibc-langpack-en-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 7/9
Verifying : glibc-gconv-extra-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 8/9
Verifying : glibc-gconv-extra-2.34-83.el9_3.7.x86_64 9/9
Installed products updated.
Upgraded:
glibc-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 glibc-common-2.34-100.el9.x86_64
glibc-gconv-extra-2.34-100.el9.x86_64 glibc-langpack-en-2.34-100.el9.x86_64
Installed:
glibc-langpack-ko-2.34-100.el9.x86_64
Complete!
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# localectl set-locale LANG=ko_KR.utf8
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# exit
logout
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]$ su -
Password:
Last failed login: Thu May 2 14:32:15 KST 2024 on pts/1
There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# locale
LANG=ko_KR.utf8
LC_CTYPE="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_NUMERIC="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_TIME="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_COLLATE="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_MONETARY="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_MESSAGES="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_PAPER="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_NAME="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_ADDRESS="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_TELEPHONE="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="ko_KR.utf8"
LC_ALL=
swap 메모리 추가
프리티어 서버의 경우 메모리가 1GB로 제한되어 있으므로 swap 메모리를 1GB 추가해서 보완한다.
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 Asia]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 753Mi 254Mi 115Mi 5.0Mi 501Mi 499Mi
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 Asia]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=64M count=16
16+0 records in
16+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 13.8998 s, 77.2 MB/s
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 Asia]# chmod 600 /swapfile
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 Asia]# mkswap /swapfile
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1024 MiB (1073737728 bytes)
no label, UUID=91ac4454-ce7f-4c5f-a3ee-a60e2029e177
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 Asia]# swapon /swapfile
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 Asia]# echo '/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 Asia]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 753Mi 260Mi 102Mi 5.0Mi 508Mi 493Mi
Swap: 1.0Gi 0B 1.0Gi
cache 메모리 비우기
운영 중 메모리가 부족할 경우 cache 메모리를 비워서 어느정도 해결할 수 있다.
(그래도 부족할 경우 swap 메모리를 추가해 준다.)
free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 753Mi 262Mi 101Mi 6.0Mi 509Mi 491Mi
Swap: 1.0Gi 0B 1.0Gi
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# sync
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
[root@ip-172-31-14-94 ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 753Mi 228Mi 542Mi 6.0Mi 76Mi 525Mi
Swap: 1.0Gi 0B 1.0Gi
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